How To Write a Discursive Essay (with Examples)

In an academic setting, students are often tasked with writing different kinds of essays designed to cultivate critical thinking and analytical abilities. One such essay is the discursive essay, which enables students to explore and assess multiple perspectives on a specific topic. Typically assigned to those pursuing disciplines such as humanities and social sciences, discursive essays require a comprehensive study of different viewpoints on an issue.  

What is a discursive essay? 

Unlike argumentative essays, which aim to convince the reader of a specific viewpoint, discursive essay writing is neutral and objective and invites a more open-ended exploration of multiple perspectives. In fact, the primary purpose of discursive essays is to help students and researchers to develop analytical and reasoning skills. To achieve this, students must adopt an objective and impartial tone throughout their writing and must present balanced arguments before concluding. 

Types of discursive essays  

There are several types of discursive essays, each with a unique focus and structure. Some of these are discussed below: 

1. Problem-solution essay allows authors to approach a problem and present two or more solutions. In other words, writers have to present evidence-based solutions to the issue by analyzing its cause and evaluating the feasibility and implications of different solutions. A typical problem-solution essay might look at ways to utilize renewable fuels like biogas in rural areas to mitigate the high cost of electrical energy.
2. Cause-effect essay discusses its various causal factors followed by the effects. This discursive essay allows authors to explore the reasons behind a particular phenomenon (causes) and its consequences (effects). For example, studying the causes leading to the degeneration of the Great Barrier Reef and presenting the negative environmental impacts that will follow in the wake of its destruction.
3. Opinion essay presents the writer’s opinion on a specific subject, it also acknowledges existing counterarguments and differing viewpoints. Data and fact-based reasoning always support a well-written opinion essay. For example, discussing the wisdom of exposing toddlers to digital gadgets.
4. Compare-contrast essay enables students and researchers to examine similarities and differences between two or more subjects, concepts, or viewpoints, allowing readers to understand the nuances of each subject. A good example of this discursive essay would be an essay that examines the benefits of using seed oils instead of vegetable oils.
5. Pro-con essays present the pros and cons of a subject, backed by accurate data and sound arguments and allows readers to weigh the evidence before forming an opinion. An example of this discursive essay would assess the pros and cons of animal testing in medical research. 

Structure of a discursive essay  

• Introduction: Begin by introducing the topic of the essay and providing relevant background information to contextualize the discussion. This section must also include your thesis statement, which should be clearly and concisely presented. 
• Body: There can be multiple ideas and perspectives on how to discuss and present information on the topic of study. Here, ensure that you discuss one idea at a time and provide both your claim and counter-claim so that there is a balanced discussion. Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence that clearly presents the idea that is to be discussed. Provide adequate data and supporting evidence to back your claim. This can be followed by delivering a counterclaim, which should again be supported by evidence. The exact process can be repeated for the remaining ideas or arguments planned for the topic in separate body paragraphs.  
• Conclusion: The essay can be concluded by summarizing the main arguments and ideas. Remember that only a balanced view can be provided in a discursive essay. 

Tips for writing a discursive essay 

• Selection of topic: This should be done carefully. There should be enough relevant information to enable you to develop key arguments and ideas and to consider various perspectives.  Notably, the topic should be of interest to readers and must be presented engagingly. 
• Researching the topic: Gather appropriate information from credible sources such as academic journals and books. This will help you craft a credible essay based on facts. 
• Prepare a well-structured essay: The essay should be appropriately structured, with an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusions. This will help to maintain a clear narrative throughout your essay. Also, use formal language and transition words for better coherence. Colloquial language and complex sentences should be avoided. You should communicate your arguments clearly and effectively to the reader. 
• Ensure a balanced style: The fundamental objective of a discursive essay is to provide a balanced discussion of various perspectives and alternate viewpoints on a specific topic. So, remember to keep an objective tone and avoid possible biases. 
• Reviewing and editing: This is an important step as it ensures an error-free essay with a logical and coherent flow of ideas and a clear expression of arguments. Ensure that your ideas are supported with sufficient evidence.  

Understanding what a discursive essay is is crucial for students and researchers seeking to engage deeply with complex concepts. However, exploring various viewpoints through structured writing can be a tedious, time-consuming task. To help ease the process, students can leverage online AI-based tools like Paperpal and gain assistance with grammar checks, formatting guidelines, and even content suggestions tailored to improve clarity and coherence. Importantly, tools like Paperpal enable students to work more efficiently and, in doing so, allow more time for research and critical analysis. 

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